Background and purpose: Intestinal bacterial infections are treated with antibiotics; but there are some reports on the effects of medicinal plants in digestive disorders. Today, medicinal herbs are more suggested due to increasing resistance of bacteria to antibiotics, people are more relying on the medicinal herbs. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial effect of orange PEEL extract.Materials and methods: After collecting orange PEEL samples, the methanol extract was provided using maceration method and the effect of this extract against the standard strains of bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella enterica) was assessed using microdilution (well plates) in brain-heart infusion medium.Results: In this study, all the standard strains of bacteria in wells were sensitive to the extract. Meanwhile, different minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were observed in various genera. The first group (Bacillus cereus) was the most sensitive due to receiving MIC=3.12 m/ml of the extract. In the second group, Staphylococcus and Salmonella were expressed as they were administered administered MIC 6.25 m/ml of the extract. The third group (Klebsiella and Pseudomonas) was listed as the most resistant group, which received MIC=12.5 m/ml of the extract.Conclusion: Research on the use of natural products, which are used in traditional medicine for gastrointestinal disorders, can be valuable in terms of antibacterial activity and adjustment of microbial flora. In this study, it was demonstrated that orange PEEL can inhibit the growth of many bacteria in-vitro.

Background and Objective: Pomegranate PEEL contains many compounds of glycosides, flavonoids and anthocyanins. Candida albicans is the commonest cause for oral fungal infections in individuals with immune system deficiency and people with diabetes. This study was an endeavor to illustrate the effects of pomegranate PEEL on some blood parameters including creatinine, urea, total protein, albumin, and liver enzymes AST, ALT and ALP in rats infected with Candida albicans.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study 30 male Wistar rats were allocated to six groups of five. In the control group, the diabetic rats were contaminated by an infectious dose of fungus Candida albicans. Then, the rats were treated with dissolved extract of itraconazole in drinking water. The remaining four groups received pomegranate PEEL extract dissolved in drinking water at doses of 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg according to their body weight for 7 days 24 hours. The effectiveness of pomegranate PEEL extract was compared with itraconazole. Their weight was measured on days zero and seven.Results: The results showed a significant increase in the plasma concentration of albumin and total protein levels than the control group (p<0.01). Liver enzymes decreased in a dose dependent manner according to the concentration changes (p<0.001).Conclusion: The administration of pomegranate PEEL extract showed significant improvement in oral Candidiasis lesions and repair of mucosal tissue. However, the presence of flavonoids and alkaloids in Punicaceae plants has negative effect on biomedical parameters and lead to disorders in functioning of vital organs.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Eggplant PEEL extract on post-thawed ram sperm quality in a Tris-based extender. Semen was collected by artificial insemination vagina. Samples were pooled to prevent individual effects. Then ram semen samples were obtained, extended with Tris-based extender and supplemented with 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% Eggplant PEEL extract. Later, samples were frozen by liquid nitrogen in the straw (0.25 ml). After thawing, sperm motility, viability (Nigrosine–eosin staining), membrane integrity with Hypo osmotic (Host) and morphology abnormality (Hancock test) were evaluated. Results showed that the value of 2% (62.4) of the Eggplant extract PEEL had a significant effect on sperm motility and membrane integrity after thawing. Also, the 2% and 4% of Eggplant PEEL extract groups had the most significant motility as compared to the control group and, the least motility was regarded as the most concentration of 8% of the Eggplant PEEL extract as compared to the control group. Thus, adding 2% and 4% of the Eggplant PEEL extract to Tris-based extender preserved Farahani ram sperm after thawing.

Purpose: Application of heavy forces to maxillary dentition during treatment with headgear, induces high concentration of STRESSes in periodontal tissue. Quantification of this STRESS is of great concern in orthodontics. This study was designed to investigate the quantity and quality of STRESS response in the PDL of maxillary first molar which was subjected to high pull headgear traction using Finite Element method.Methods and Material: In an experimental study, a three-dimensional finite element model of maxillary dentition, consisting of 17096 elements and 23013 nodes, was developed based on a young human skull. The forces were applied to the maxillary first molar in the stabilized Arch by means of a rectangular full size arch wire in (022) slot bracket. Mechanical properties of this model were based on previous studies. A 350 gram force was used for high pull headgear to affect the dentition (+30 degree) and STRESS distribution was investigated in buccal, palatal, mesial and distal side and in cervical, middle, apical sections of the PDL. The quantity of STRESSes were expressed as principal STRESSes (1,2,3), while the negative and positive signs indicated compressive and tensile STRESSes.Results: The buccal surface of PDL of mesiobuccal root and the buccal, palatal and distal surface in cervical region of PDL of distobuccal root and the distal surface of the PDL of palatal root had received a great deal of STRESSes, in addition, the over all STRESS distribution in roots of molar had intrusive nature.Conclusion: The extension of high STRESS concentration areas observed after using high pull headgear is limited to some root surfaces specially the distobuccal root.

Background: The most frequently used test for evaluation of fetal health is the Non STRESS Test (NST). Unfortunately it has a high incidence of false positive results. The combination of vibroacoustic stimulation with the NTS has been shown to reduce non reactive results.Methods: A tests assessment method was chosen with a simple randomized sampling. 40 pregnant women with non reactive NST in the first 20 minutes who received VAS in one of Tehran University's Hospitals were compared with BPP scores. A vibroacoustic stimulation was applied for a 3 seconds on the maternal abdomen and fallowed within 10 minutes. Data collection tools were NST, sonography instruments, NST result paper, tooth brusher, watch, demographic questioner and check list. Data analysis was made by descriptive static and by using the Fisher's Exact Test (with level of significant at p<0/05). All statistical analysis were performed using an spss/win.Results: After VAS, 70% of non reactive tracing became reactive. All cases with fetal reactivity response after a VAS had a subsequent BPP score of 8 (negative predictive value of 100%). False positivity of VAS was lower than NST.Conclusion: VAS offers benefits, by decreasing the incidence of non reactive test and reducing test time. VAS lowers the rate of false positive NST. VAS is safe and allows more efficient of prenatal services. This test could be used as a rapid antepartum test to predict fetal well-being.

Background: Black pomegranate (Punica granatum L. ) is a native plant of East Asia, which traditionally has been used as a folk medicine to treat many diseases. Objectives: This research investigated the possible protective effects of hydroalcoholic extract of black pomegranate PEEL extract (BPPE) on oxidative hepatotoxicity induced by tert-butyl-hydroperoxide (t-BHP) in Wistar rats. Methods: The research was carried out on animals randomly assigned to five groups. In the negative control group, 5 mL/kg of normal saline was given orally. In the positive control group, the same amount of normal saline was administered orally for 5 days, and a single dose of t-BHP was injected on the 6th day. In the test groups, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of BPPE was administered orally for 5 days, and then rats were injected with a single dose of t-BHP on the 6th day. The rats were euthanized 24 hours after the last injection. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were determined from blood samples. Liver tissue was sampled to measure the level of glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and catalase (CAT). Hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining and histological examination were performed on partial liver samples preserved in 10% formalin. Results: Pretreatment with BPPE at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly (P < 0. 05) reduced ALT, AST, ALP, and MDA levels and increased GSH level and CAT activity. Histopathology examinations revealed that BPPE significantly improved the histological changes in comparison to the positive control group. Conclusions: The results of this research demonstrate the capability of supplemented BPPE to reduce the oxidative hepatotoxicity induced by t-BHP.

The purpose of this study was comparing the STRESS of breast cancer patients to that of healthy women. A sample of 65 breast cancer patients were selected from "Imam-Khomeini Cancer Institute" (from summer to autumn of 2008). They were chosen from the available patients who were diagnosed with cancer for less than two months. Variables such as marital status, economic status, age and education were taken into consideration in both the experimental and the control groups. Pickle's "life event" questionnaire (1971) was used to assess the STRESS in those groups. The data were analyzed using t-test. The results suggest that the STRESS in breast cancer patients is significantly higher than others. Moreover, women who bereaved the loss of a relative, had unwanted pregnancy or experienced divorce had more STRESS.